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AMA Style

This page provides comprehensive guidelines and examples on citing sources in accordance with the AMA citation style.

AMA Quick Guide

AMA References

References are listed numerically in the order they are cited in the text of the paper.  Put a period after each number.

Type of Sources:

Journal articles

Print:

Author(s) last name Initials. Article title. Journal Name [Italics]. Year;Volume(Issue No.):Inclusive pages. DOI, if provided

Online:

Author(s) last name Initials. Article title. Journal Name [Italics]. Publication date. DOI, if provided
Example:     

Ceulemans M, Foulon V, Ngo E, et al. Mental health status of pregnant and breastfeeding women during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A multinational cross‐sectional study. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2021;100(7):1219-1229. doi:10.1111/aogs.14092

Books

Print:

Author(s) last name Initials. Book Title [Italics]. Edition number (if it is the second edition or later). Publisher; Year.

Online:

Author(s) last name Initials. Book Title [Italics]. Edition number (if it is the second edition or later). Publisher; Year. Accessed [date]. URL (or DOI, if provided)
Example: 

Shah RK, Preciado D, Zalzal GH, et al. Otolaryngology for the Pediatrician. Bentham Science Publishers; 2013. doi:10.2174/97816080545961130101. Accessed September 20, 2023.
Website

 

Author last name Initials (or, if no author is available, the name of the organization responsible for the site). Page Title (or, if no title is available, the name of the organization responsible for the site). Website Name. Published [date]. Updated [date]. Accessed [date]. URL
Example: 

Sara B. What doctors wish patients knew about seasonal affective disorder. American Medical Association. Published November 3, 2023. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-seasonal-affective-disorder.
AMA In-Text Citation

In-text citations are cited numerically in consecutive order using superscript Arabic numerals.

  • Cite multiple sources: 
    • Two or more sources with consecutive numbering: 1–3
    • Cite sources that are not consecutive: 1,4,8
  • No space between the numbers
  • If need to include page numbers:
    • Example: Numerous studies1,4(pp131–140),7 endorse this theory. Nevertheless, Lisa9(p11) proposes an alternative perspective, suggesting ...
AMA Formatting 
  • Use a common font (such as Times New Roman) in size 12.
  • Double-space the text; 1-inch margins.
  • Indent the first lines of paragraphs by 0.5 inches. 
  • Add page numbers in the upper right corner of each page (starting with the title page).
  • References appear on a separate page at the end of the paper and are formatted as a numbered list.
  • No special hanging indent in the references.