AMA (American Medical Association)
AMA (American Medical Association) Style
AMA Manual of Style by ISBN: 0190246553Publication Date: 2020-03-02The AMA Manual of Style, 11th edition, is a must-have guide for those seeking to publish research findings and anyone involved in medical, health, or scientific writing and publishing. The manual offers guidance on nuts-and-bolts topics including punctuation, capitalization, and grammar.
- Journals referenced in the NCBI DatabasesUse NIH's NCBI to find abbreviations for journals indexed in MEDLINE and deposited in PubMed Central.
AMA Quick Guide
AMA References
References are listed numerically in the order they are cited in the text of the paper. Put a period after each number.
Type of Sources:
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Journal articles |
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Print: |
Author(s) last name Initials. Article title. Journal Name [Italics]. Year;Volume(Issue No.):Inclusive pages. DOI, if provided |
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Online: |
Author(s) last name Initials. Article title. Journal Name [Italics]. Publication date. DOI, if provided |
| Example: |
Ceulemans M, Foulon V, Ngo E, et al. Mental health status of pregnant and breastfeeding women during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A multinational cross‐sectional study. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2021;100(7):1219-1229. doi:10.1111/aogs.14092 |
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Books |
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Print: |
Author(s) last name Initials. Book Title [Italics]. Edition number (if it is the second edition or later). Publisher; Year. |
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Online: |
Author(s) last name Initials. Book Title [Italics]. Edition number (if it is the second edition or later). Publisher; Year. Accessed [date]. URL (or DOI, if provided) |
| Example: |
Shah RK, Preciado D, Zalzal GH, et al. Otolaryngology for the Pediatrician. Bentham Science Publishers; 2013. doi:10.2174/97816080545961130101. Accessed September 20, 2023. |
| Website | |
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Author last name Initials (or, if no author is available, the name of the organization responsible for the site). Page Title (or, if no title is available, the name of the organization responsible for the site). Website Name. Published [date]. Updated [date]. Accessed [date]. URL |
| Example: |
Sara B. What doctors wish patients knew about seasonal affective disorder. American Medical Association. Published November 3, 2023. https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-seasonal-affective-disorder. |
AMA In-Text Citation
In-text citations are cited numerically in consecutive order using superscript Arabic numerals.
- Cite multiple sources:
- Two or more sources with consecutive numbering: 1–3
- Cite sources that are not consecutive: 1,4,8
- No space between the numbers
- If need to include page numbers:
- Example: Numerous studies1,4(pp131–140),7 endorse this theory. Nevertheless, Lisa9(p11) proposes an alternative perspective, suggesting ...
AMA Formatting
- Use a common font (such as Times New Roman) in size 12.
- Double-space the text; 1-inch margins.
- Indent the first lines of paragraphs by 0.5 inches.
- Add page numbers in the upper right corner of each page (starting with the title page).
- References appear on a separate page at the end of the paper and are formatted as a numbered list.
- No special hanging indent in the references.